workshops, education & training
Congruence is the term used by Rodgers to describe a therapeutic relationship where the presents him or herself without pretense. (Rogers 1961). A therapist is in a state of congruence when there is an “accurate matching of experience with awareness” (Rodgers 1961). The therapist is “at one” with their feelings and has the freedom to…
In the realm of law, where facts and arguments intertwine to shape the narrative of justice, there exists a lesser-known yet profoundly impactful technique: psychodrama. Far from the conventional courtroom theatrics often depicted in media, psychodrama serves as a therapeutic tool, enabling criminal defense lawyers to delve into the depths of the client’s emotions, experiences…
In Moreno’s psychodrama, “doubling” is a therapeutic technique that involves the use of a double, who is a participant or group member, to represent the inner thoughts, feelings, or conflicts of another participant, known as the protagonist. The double speaks the inner life of the protagonist, bringing the material that is lodged in the background…
Ann Hale’s sociometric cycle is a four-stage process that tracts the sociometric status and development of an individual. Each stage corresponds to a season (spring, summer, fall, and winter), and each season metaphorically represents the different phases of the sociometric analysis. The sociometric cycle is a map which may be used to assist a group…
Introduction: Jacob L. Moreno, the founder of psychodrama, introduced the concept of concretization as a powerful technique to facilitate emotional expression and self-awareness within therapy. Concretization involves the transformation of abstract thoughts and emotions into tangible, external representations. This approach allows individuals to gain a deeper understanding of their internal world, enabling personal growth and…
Sociometry is a field within social science that delves into the study of social relationships and interpersonal interactions within groups. The founder of sociometry was Jacob L. Moreno (1889–1974). Sociometry more specifically deals with the nature, quality, and quantity of human connection. We are constantly making choices about what we feel, think and do. Sociometry…
The social atom is one of Moreno’s important and novel developments. It was born out of his study of the science of interpersonal relationships (sociometry). J.L. Moreno was a pioneer in the field of group psychotherapy. His concept of the social atom has become a key tool for understanding the dynamics of relationships and groups….
Moreno’s Role Theory This essay will explore the key concepts of J.L. Moreno‘s role theory, including the different types of roles individuals perform, the importance of social interaction and group dynamics, and the application of role theory in various settings, including psychodrama and education. Moreno’s role theory also emphasizes the importance of social interaction and…
Jacob Levy Moreno, also known as J.L. Moreno, was an Austrian-American psychiatrist, sociologist, and philosopher who made significant contributions to the field of psychology. Moreno is best known for his innovative approach to psychotherapy, which included the development of psychodrama, sociometry, and group psychotherapy. Despite his groundbreaking work, Moreno did not receive the recognition he…
Jacob Levy Moreno, known as J.L. Moreno, M.D. was a Swiss-American psychiatrist and founder of psychodrama, sociometry and group psychotherapy. He was born on May 18, 1889, in Bucharest, Romania, and died on May 14, 1974, in Beacon, New York, USA. Moreno earned a medical degree from the University of Vienna in 1917. He then…